Spermatocele in Dogs

Overview of Spermatocele in Dogs

A spermatocele is a cystic distension of the epididymis, the elongated cordlike structure that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm that can occur in dogs. This condition is usually associated with a blockage of the epididymis. The accumulation of sperm eventually results in an inflammatory process, and the development of a nodule of tissue, referred to as a sperm granuloma. They can be unilateral or bilateral.

Causes of Spermatocele in Dogs

• Trauma
• Adenomysis is a condition characterized by the ingrowth of the epididymis lining into the deeper tissues, which may be associated with excess estrogenic stimulation.
• Hyperplasia is an overgrowth of the lining of the epididymis.

Spermatocele is seen in intact (non-neutered) male dogs of any breed. The risk of developing this disorder increases with age.

What to Watch For

Signs of Spermatocele in Dogs may include:

• Spermatoceles are rarely associated with pain
• Dogs with one-sided involvement generally remain fertile, and the condition often goes undiagnosed.
• Infertility is often seen if both testes are involved.

Diagnosis of Spermatocele in Dogs

• Thorough testicular examination
• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Biochemical profile
• Urinalysis
• A scrotal ultrasound may detect a spermatocele
• Assay for canine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) may reveal a normal concentration associated with bilateral blockage of the epididymis
• An obstruction of the duct should be suspected in a dog that is unable to produce sperm; however, there is normal spermatogenesis (sperm production) on testicular biopsy

Treatment of Spermatocele in Dogs

• There is no medical management available to unblock an obstructed (blocked) epididymis
• Surgical correction can be attempted, although it is not routinely performed in veterinary medicine

Home Care

If a breeding stud is infertile, have your dog evaluated by your veterinarian. Dogs without sperm rarely recover.
A spermatocele is a cystic distension of the epididymis, the elongated cordlike structure that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm. This condition is usually associated with a blockage of the epididymis. The accumulation of sperm eventually results in an inflammatory process, and the development of a nodule of tissue, referred to as a sperm granuloma. They can be unilateral or bilateral.